Basic knowledge for a site Engineer

• A Site Engineer should remember some points which is helpful to him.beacause when a fresher going to start his career as a Site Engineer he face more problems So here I presented some points as following...

1. C/C means Centre to Centre distance.
2. For circular & square/rectangular  column minimum longitudinal bar required  = 6 and 4  resp.
3. The minimum thickness of slab is 125mm.
4. PH value of water less than 6 should not be used for construction purpose.
5. Initial and final setting time of cement  is 30min & 600min.
6. Lapping of bars not allowed if the diary of bar more than 36mm.
7. Dead load means self weight of structure.
8. Sand having moisture content more than 5% should not be used for concrete mix.
9. DPC Means Damp Proof Course & the thickness of DPC shouldn't be less than 2.5cm.
10. The height of floor os usually 3m or 10ft.
11. A Head Mason can work 25-30 m3 in a day.
12. In construction, the rate analysis for the work of workers are calculated in man hours (ex 50/- per hour).
13. Cantilever beam has one fixed support and other end is free. Simple supported beam has a minimum of two supports.
14. PCC ( Plain Cement Concrete) this type of concrete is used on members only when the tensile force are not acting on it.
15. The weight of 1st class clay brick should be 3.85 kg and it has a crushing strength of 10.5 MN/m2.
16. Adding more water in the concrete mix to increase setting time leads to form the cracks or honeycomb in hardened concrete.
17. Vibration in freshly made concrete is done to remove the air bubble in concrete mix.
18. The concrete can be lifted to a maximum height of 50m  by using concrete pump.
19. The minimum sill level height should be 44 inches.
20. The transvers reinforcement provided in beam are called stirrups.
21. Stirrups in beam and ties in column are provided to handle the shear force and to keep longitudinal bars in position.
22. The prime reason for using steel as reinforcement is due to thermal expansion. the thermal expansion coefficient of concrete and steel is same having value of 12×10^-6 ℃.
23. Weight of bar is calculated by using the formula (D*D/162)× length of bar.Where D= dia of bar.
24. Specific gravity of cement =3.16 g/cm3 brick =2 g/cm3  and sand 2.65 g/cm3.
25. Floor are occupied by 50kg of cement bag is 0.3m2 & height of 0.18m.
26. The Rise in stair in between 150-200mm. And tread in stair in between 250-300mm.
27. Hook length should not be less than 9D (D- dia of bar)
28. Unit weight of PCC =24KN/m3 and RCC =25 KN/m3 and steel is 7850 kg/m3.
29. Cement more than 3 months old cannot be used for construction.
30. The length of each bar from factory is 12m.
31. The volume of 50kg cement bag is 1.25 cft.
32. Standard size of brick is 19×9×9 cm3.
33. Unit of excavation is m3 and concrete is m3, steel is MT, and shuttering is m2.
34. 1 yard = 3 ft and 1 sqyard = 9 sqft
35. Min size of the particle of silt soil is (0.002mm - 0.006mm).